La propia distinción entre chocolate negro y chocolate con leche, por ejemplo, parece trivial, pero no lo es, aprende a diferenciar los tipos de chocolate conmigo.
Luego están los tipos menos habituales, como el chocolate Ruby, de llamativo color rosa, introducido recientemente en el mercado por la empresa suiza** Barry Callebaut**.
Hoy en día, según la legislación vigente, el chocolate se define como un producto compuesto por granos de cacao, cacao desgrasado y cacao en polvo, sacarosa y manteca de cacao.
El total de sólidos de cacao secos debe ser de al menos un 35%, el cacao bajo en grasa de al menos un 14% y la manteca de cacao de al menos un 18%.
Principales productores
En el mercado hay una gran variedad de ellos, que difieren en sabor y forma, según la calidad y el tueste de los granos de cacao, el método de elaboración utilizado y el gusto del país en el que se produce el chocolate.
Los mayores productores mundiales de cacao en grano son los países del continente africano, encabezados por Costa de Marfil, Ghana, Nigeria y Camerún; seguidos de los países asiáticos, y por último los de América Latina (Ecuador).
¿Cuáles son los tipos de chocolate?
Cuanto mayor sea el porcentaje de cacao, mejor será la calidad del chocolate.
Además del chocolate clásico, existen otros tipos especiales de chocolate, cuyos nombres guardan una relación precisa con los porcentajes de los ingredientes:
Chocolate tipo negro
Este chocolate sólo contiene pasta de cacao, manteca de cacao, azúcar, vainilla y, a veces, lecitina en cantidades variables.
El porcentaje de cacao debe ser como mínimo del 45% y la manteca de cacao del 28%.
Los mejores resultados en la cocción se consiguen cuando se utiliza chocolate con un contenido de cacao del 50%. Además de disfrutarse en los bares, es adecuado para tartas y postres.
Chocolate extra negro
Se diferencia del chocolate negro en que contiene un contenido de cacao de hasta el 70% en peso. De máxima calidad, este chocolate es especialmente adecuado para su consumo en tabletas.
Chocolate de leche
Este tipo de chocolate se obtiene añadiendo leche en polvo. Más concretamente: la materia seca láctea debe ser como mínimo del 14%, la sacarosa añadida no más del 55% y el cacao no menos del 25% en peso.
El chocolate de leche se caracteriza por un sabor más dulce y cremoso que el chocolate negro.
Pero el chocolate con leche no puede sustituir al negro en la elaboración de recetas de repostería.
Su contenido en cacao es menor al del chocolate negro y, por tanto, se consume sobre todo en tabletas.
Hay que tener especial cuidado al fundirlo, ya que es muy sensible al calor.
Tipo de chocolate: Amargo
Una vez extraída la mayor parte de la manteca de cacao, el cacao restante se tuesta y se reduce a polvo.
También conocido como «chocolate de repostería«, el chocolate amargo se obtiene mezclando pasta de cacao con manteca de cacao.
No contiene azúcar ni otros aromatizantes, y su sabor es amargo e intenso.
Para productos de pastelería, se pueden sustituir 30 g de este chocolate por 20 g de cacao amargo y 15 g de mantequilla.
Esta tipología es la utilizada para finalizar la receta que proviene de los orígenes del tiramisú.
Chocolate tipo blanco
El chocolate blanco no contiene cacao ni colorantes de ningún tipo, por lo que, desde un punto de vista técnico, no podría llamarse «chocolate«.
Se elabora mezclando únicamente manteca de cacao en un 20% en peso, leche o derivados lácteos en un 14% como mínimo y sacarosa en un 55% como máximo.
El chocolate blanco, es más gordo que el negro, se utiliza mucho para escarchar pasteles y postres diversos.
Este tipo, es muy sensible al calor, por lo que hay que tener especial cuidado al fundirlo.
Se recomienda poner el chocolate blanco al baño María en un recipiente, manteniendo la temperatura entre 110~120°C.
Chips de chocolate
Los chips de chocolate surgieron en Estados Unidos como una sabrosa modificación de las galletas tradicionales.
Contienen menos manteca de cacao que el chocolate tradicional y pueden ser de chocolate negro, con leche o blanco.
Son un derivado del chocolate, cuya forma de lágrima permanece intacta y, por lo tanto, es ideal para la masa de pasteles, pero también puede fundirse al baño María.
Tipo de chocolate: Praliné
Producto del tamaño de un bocado, compuesto por chocolate relleno o partes de chocolate (que pueden ser de varios tipos: chocolate con leche, chocolate gianduja, chocolate blanco, etc.).
También puede contener partes de otros ingredientes, siempre que los trozos de chocolate sean parcial o totalmente visibles.
Siempre respetando el porcentaje establecido de al menos el 25% del peso total del producto.
Chocolate tipo Gianduja
La paternidad de este tipo de chocolate se atribuye a los turineses.
En 1806, el cacao era caro y resultaba difícil abastecerse debido al bloqueo napoleónico, entonces algunos chocolateros pensaron en mezclar cacao con avellanas piamontesas, reducidas.
De esta combinación se obtuvo un chocolate muy sabroso y más barato.
El chocolate Gianduia contiene aproximadamente un 32% de cacao, a partir de 20-40 g de avellanas molidas por cada 100 g de producto.
Es excelente en forma de barrita de chocolate de avellana, gianduja y de chocolate con leche. Se utiliza para rellenar y decorar postres o simplemente se puede disfrutar en forma de barra.
Conclusión
- Aunque son parecidos hay una gran variedad de chocolates para explorar.
- El porcentaje de cacao y la combinación de ingredientes, define el tipo de chocolate.
- Ecuador es reconocido a nivel internacional como uno de los principales productores de chocolate de latinoamérica.
Ahora que conoces los diferentes tipos de chocolate que existen, atrévete a explorar el universo de preparaciones que te ofrece cada uno de estos.
En el blog podrás encontrar diferentes recetas para preparar a base de chocolate.
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